07_087_102_PhyEx8_HP_Ch07 1/11/08 8:01 AM Page 99 R E V I E W S H E E T EXERCISE NAME_________________________________ LAB TIME/DATE ________________________ 7 Respiratory System Mechanics 1. Define each of the following terms: • respiration ___________________________________________________________________________________ • ventilation ___________________________________________________________________________________ • alveoli ___________________________________________________________________________________ • diaphragm ___________________________________________________________________________________ • inspiration ___________________________________________________________________________________ • expiration ___________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Explain how the respiratory and circulatory systems work together to distribute oxygen to, and remove carbon dioxide from, the cells of the body. 3. Match each of the definitions in Column A with the appropriate term in Column B. Column A Column B a. tidal volume b. partial pressure c. inspiratory reserve volume d. expiratory reserve volume e. vital capacity f. residual volume g. total lung capacity the proportion of pressure that a single gas exerts within a mixture h. forced vital capacity (FVC) the amount of air that can be expelled completely and rapidly as possible after a maximum inspiration i. forced expiratory volume (FEV1) the percentage of vital capacity exhaled during a 1-second period of the FVC test the amount of air that can be taken into the lungs beyond the tidal volume the amount of air that can be expelled from the lungs beyond the tidal volume the volume of a normal breath the maximum amount of air that can be voluntarily moved in and out of the lungs the amount of air left in the lungs after a maximum exhalation vital capacity plus residual volume 99 07_087_102_PhyEx8_HP_Ch07 100 1/11/08 8:01 AM Page 100 Review Sheet 7 4. Fill in the typical values (in ml) for each of the following terms. tidal volume: _________________________________________________________________________ inspiratory reserve volume: _________________________________________________________________________ expiratory reserve volume: _________________________________________________________________________ vital capacity: _________________________________________________________________________ residual volume: _________________________________________________________________________ total lung capacity: _________________________________________________________________________ 5. Circle the correct boldfaced term. Emphysema is a lung problem that causes a(n) decrease / increase in tidal volume. 6. How do you calculate minute respiratory volume? 7. What was the effect of reducing the radius of the air flow tube on respiratory volumes? 8. What is the role of surfactant in respiration? 9. What would happen if surfactant were not present? 10. What happens in pneumothorax? 11. Why is it important that intrathoracic pressure be kept lower than atmospheric pressure? 12. What happens to the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood during rapid breathing? 07_087_102_PhyEx8_HP_Ch07 1/11/08 8:01 AM Page 101 Review Sheet 7 101 13. What happens to the partial pressure of carbon dioxide during rebreathing? 14. What happens to the partial pressure of carbon dioxide during breathholding? The following questions refer to Activity 9: Comparative Spirometry. 15. What was the value obtained for the (FEV1/FVC) 100% with “normal breathing”? 16. What effect did “emphysema breathing” have on FVC and FEV1? 17. In “emphysema breathing” which of the two values, FVC and FEV1 changed the most? _____________________________ 18. What effect did “acute asthma attack breathing” have on FVC and FEV1? 19. In “acute asthma attack breathing” which of the two values, FVC and FEV1 changed the most? ______________________ 20. Describe the effect that the inhaler medication had on the FVC and FEV1. 21. Did the values return to “normal”? Explain. _______________________________________________________________ 22. During “moderate exercise breathing,” which volumes changed the most? 23. During “heavy exercise breathing,” which volumes changed the most?
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