THE IMPACT OF LIVING STANDARDS ON MEDICAL EXPENSES IN VIETNAM THE IMPACT OF LIVING STANDARDS ON MEDICAL EXPENSES IN VIETNAM By Pavan Kumar Bandi Sowmya Eluri Srinivas Godavarthi Sharubala Gunasekar Sri Harsha Guruju GROUP C ITS 530-40 Dr. Kunle Elebute University of the Cumberlands Analyzing & Visualizing Data June 6, 2020 1 THE IMPACT OF LIVING STANDARDS ON MEDICAL EXPENSES IN VIETNAM 2 Table of Contents Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3 Background ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3 Data Analysis …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4 Data Visualization …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9 References ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10 THE IMPACT OF LIVING STANDARDS ON MEDICAL EXPENSES IN VIETNAM 3 Introduction Data science is an essential aspect of the health care and medical field. Data science enhances drug development and discovery by analyzing genomic information; therefore, helping medics and researchers understand critical issues related to certain drugs and diseases. With data science tools, it is now easier to evaluate raw data and develop meaningful insights. Data science allows medics to use deep learning methods to conduct various laboratory reports. The testing of patients and the provision of results is now easier and efficient with data analytics. The data science concept can be used in Vietnam to improve the health care system and ensure that people can access health care services easily. In this report, the researcher will provide the analysis of the given data and talk about the discoveries of the identified visualization data. Background The burden of healthcare expenditure continues to disproportionately affect vulnerable communities in Vietnam. While the country has made effort to reduce the ramifications of healthcare expenditure the cost of healthcare remains significantly high. According to Mitra et al. (2016), the healthcare expenditure in Vietnam comprises of 7% of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Recent statistics indicate that over 80% of the Vietnamese had health insurance by the year 2017. However, access to health insurance has done little to lower the cost of medical care and its ramification on the living standards of the people especially vulnerable groups. The out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure for acute medical and surgical conditions continues to rise. Between 50 to 70% of the overall healthcare cost comprises of out-of-pocket expenditure for acute and surgical medical conditions (Nguyen & Sasso, 2019). For a majority of poor, elderly and minority groups living in Vietnam, healthcare costs can be rather burdening. A large number of THE IMPACT OF LIVING STANDARDS ON MEDICAL EXPENSES IN VIETNAM 4 those who cannot afford healthcare are forced to forego basic needs such as food and clothing. Delaying treatment contributes to late diagnosis which exacerbates the severity of chronic diseases hence further increasing the overall healthcare cost (Vo & Van, 2019). The problem of healthcare cost also contributes to a multiplicity of other social issues such as growing generational poverty and other challenges linked to poor living standards such as illiteracy, crime and substance abuse. Data Analysis The research paper will fall into the category of analysis done on the pre-existing data, where it is pulled from the survey conducted by world bank in Vietnam (Living Standards Survey 1997-1998, 2020). So, the step of collecting data can be skipped, as the next step is to work with data (Kirk, 2016), these includes the steps of plan the analysis steps. The process of planning the analysis need to perform based on the questions need to be answered or expected to find from the survey data. In the data analysis, process, it is very important to describe the dataset before you start performing the analysis and present it (Simpson, 2015). Before analyzing the quantitative study, it is important to understand the numerical information from the dataset. In this paper the data analysis is performed on the dataset file names “dataset_VietNamH” to understand medical expenditure of the household based on the standard of living they fall into. Figure 1 describes about the details of the field belong to the dataset chosen. The dataset includes of the information such as Sex of the household, household styles, size, log value of total expenditure, medical expenditure, and total expenditure. The interesting information from the dataset is the total medical expenditure and total 12-month medical expenditure are the same, this can be inferred from the Figure 3. Correlation of the dataset, where the correlation is 1. Other interesting point is due to the Vietnamese dong uses very high value, which is why the survey expenditure data is converted into logarithm value, to represent in the small number. THE IMPACT OF LIVING STANDARDS ON MEDICAL EXPENSES IN VIETNAM Field name Field Description Sex Gender of head of household(male or female) Age Household head age Educyr Years of education household head earned Farm Household belong to farm household Urban Household belong to urban household Hhsize Size of the household Intotal Logarithm of the total household expenditure Inmed Logarithm of the household medical expenditure Inrlfood 5 Logarithm of the household food expenditure Inexp12m Logarithm of the total household expenditure for 12 months. Commune This field refers to the different community that the household data is collected. Figure 1. Dataset field description On clear understanding of the dataset fields, the next step is to understand the simple analysis to find any useful information (Simpson, 2015). The simple analysis starts of understanding the summary of the dataset executed in R. From the summary, it is clear that the mean average age of the household head is 48.01, median of the household head is 46 THE IMPACT OF LIVING STANDARDS ON MEDICAL EXPENSES IN VIETNAM Figure 2. Summary of the survey dataset Figure 3. Correlation of entire dataset Figure 4. Correlation of household type, size, total, medical and food expenditure 6 THE IMPACT OF LIVING STANDARDS ON MEDICAL EXPENSES IN VIETNAM Data Visualization Figure 5. Sex Vs Urban Household Figure 6. Farm household vs Urban Household 7 THE IMPACT OF LIVING STANDARDS ON MEDICAL EXPENSES IN VIETNAM Figure 7. Comparison of total, medical and food expenditures between farm and urban households 8 THE IMPACT OF LIVING STANDARDS ON MEDICAL EXPENSES IN VIETNAM 9 Figure 7. Comparison of average expenditure to household members Figure 7. Comparisons of expenses of households with total, medical and food expenditure Conclusion THE IMPACT OF LIVING STANDARDS ON MEDICAL EXPENSES IN VIETNAM 10 References Kirk, A. (2016). Data Visualisation – A Hanbook for Data Driven Design. SAGE Publications. Living Standards Survey 1997-1998. (2020, Jan 30). From Microdata Worldbank: https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/2694 Simpson, S. H. (2015, Jul-Aug). Creating a Data Analysis Plan: What to Consider When Choosing Statistics for a Study. Can J Hosp Pharm, 68(4), 311–317. doi:10.4212/cjhp.v68i4.1471 Mitra, S., Palmer, M., Mont, D., & Groce, N. (2016). Can households cope with health shocks in Vietnam?. Health economics, 25(7), 888-907. Nguyen, B. T., & Sasso, A. T. L. (2019). The effect of universal health insurance for children in Vietnam. Health Economics, Policy and Law, 14(3), 299-314. Vo, T. T., & Van, P. H. (2019). Can health insurance reduce household vulnerability? Evidence from Viet Nam. World Development, 124, 104645.
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